Es una publicación académica orientada a publicar trabajos inéditos en las áreas de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades. Tiene como finalidad presentar discusiones alternativas que representen las diferentes perspectivas en los procesos de investigación. Se publica semestralmente en los meses de junio y diciembre, está dirigida a estudiantes, docentes e investigadores en las áreas de ciencias sociales, humanas y afines. ISSN: 2619-3272
Pedagogy of Education in Colombia: Reflections and Challenges for the 21st Century
Introduction: Colombian pedagogy went through decades of transformations marked by tensions between traditional teaching models and the demands of a rapidly changing society, highlighting the need for a critical reflection on the foundations of the national education system. Objective: This study analyzed the main pedagogical approaches that shaped Colombian education in the 21st century, identifying structural challenges and alternatives for pedagogical renewal oriented toward quality and equity. Method: A qualitative-documentary research was carried out through a systematic bibliographic review of 45 primary and secondary sources, using thematic content analysis and documentary triangulation. Result: Persistent tensions were identified between standardizing policies and contextualized pedagogies, deep gaps in teacher training, and the emergence of critical, intercultural, and technological approaches as viable pedagogical alternatives. Conclusions: Colombia required a comprehensive pedagogical renewal that articulated teacher training, public policy, and community participation to guarantee equitable and relevant education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Infometric@ - Serie Sociales y Humanas
El Juego como Estrategia para el Fortalecimiento de la Comprensión de los Derechos Fundamentales de los Niños en Educación Primaria
This study analyzes the impact of play as a pedagogical strategy to strengthen the understanding of fundamental rights in primary school students. Early childhood education in rights is key to promoting citizenship, respect for human dignity, and democratic coexistence. However, in the early grades, this instruction often focuses on traditional methodologies based on memorization, which limits meaningful understanding and application in daily life. At the Luis Carlos Galán Sarmiento Educational Institution, San Pablo campus, in Cúcuta, it was observed that second grade students can identify some rights, but have difficulty understanding their meaning and relating them to their context. In response to this problem, play is proposed as a didactic strategy that fosters active learning, social interaction, and holistic development. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach, with an interpretive paradigm, and employing the pedagogical action research method, applied to a group of 16 students. A semi-structured interview with the teacher and a checklist for the students were used as data collection instruments. The results showed that the use of the game promoted a greater understanding of fundamental rights, as well as improvements in behavior, participation, and empathy. It is concluded that the game not only facilitates the assimilation of concepts but also contributes to the formation of critical and conscious citizens, thus establishing itself as an effective pedagogical strategy in primary education.
Mirror Neurons and the Learning of Values Through Art
This study analyzes the relationship between mirror neurons and the learning of values through art in primary school students at the Carlos Pérez Escalante Educational Institution, Santa Isabel de Hungría campus, in San José de Cúcuta, Colombia. The research arises from the need to strengthen values education, given the difficulties observed in school coexistence, such as lack of empathy, disrespect, and low tolerance among students. The study is theoretically grounded in Rizzolatti’s contributions on mirror neurons, Prior’s concept of the axiological profile, and González’s perspective on art as a pedagogical mediator. From a neuroeducational perspective, mirror neurons facilitate learning through imitation, observation, and social interaction, enabling the meaningful internalization of behaviors and values. Methodologically, the research follows a qualitative approach under the interpretive paradigm, using a pedagogical action research method. The participants included one teacher and 25 students as key informants. Data collection techniques included semi-structured interviews, observation guides, and field journals. The results showed that the implementation of artistic strategies stimulated mirror neurons, promoting the development of values such as respect, tolerance, and responsibility. Additionally, improvements were observed in classroom coexistence, student participation, and emotional expression. In conclusion, integrating art and neuroeducation represents an effective pedagogical strategy, transforming values learning into a meaningful experience that contributes to the comprehensive development of students.
Measurement of Tongue Pressure in Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Systematic Review
Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea is a disorder with repeated collapse of the upper airway, in whose pathophysiology tongue function may be relevant. Methods: Systematic review article of observational studies that measured tongue pressure with objective devices in adults with obstructive sleep apnea and controls, identified through biomedical databases. Results: Six studies met the criteria and used heterogeneous devices and measurement protocols, with inconsistent findings regarding differences in tongue pressure between groups. Analysis and Discussion: Clinical variability, lack of standardization and small sample sizes make the certainty of the evidence low, although a relationship between tongue function and upper airway stability is suggested. Conclusions: Objective measurement of tongue pressure may be a complementary tool in myofunctional assessment, but it does not constitute a stand-alone diagnostic marker. The study received no institutional funding.
Transformation of Strategic Education through Artificial Intelligence and Active Methodologies in Higher Education as Evidence in Entrepreneurial Training
The objective of this study is to analyze how active pedagogical strategies and the use of artificial intelligence influence the development of strategic planning competencies among higher education students with an entrepreneurial profile. A quantitative approach with a non-experimental, correlational-explanatory design was employed. Results demonstrate that both experiential learning and problem-based learning significantly enhance analytical capabilities and decision-making skills. Furthermore, artificial intelligence operates as a mediating variable that optimizes access to information and the processing of strategic data. It is concluded that the integration of innovative pedagogical approaches with technological tools is essential for preparing professionals capable of addressing complex business environments.
Influence of the Social Participation of People With Disabilities on the Updating of Public Policy
Disability has shifted towards a Social Rights Model that demands public policies developed with the active participation of those affected. Although Colombian law recognizes this right, in Villa del Rosario there is still a lack of awareness regarding the role of citizens in the formulation and updating of local public policy, which motivated this research. The objective was to determine the influence of social participation on the updating of differentiated and priority public policy. A positivist paradigm was adopted, with a quantitative approach, descriptive scope, and field design, applying the Participation Scale to a sample of 40 people. The results revealed significant restrictions on social participation, mainly associated with barriers to employment, accessibility, and community participation, as well as inequalities in opportunities. These findings highlight the need to strengthen mechanisms for effective participation.
Analysis of Bills on Agrarian Jurisdiction According to Peace Agreement Principles as a Path to Justice and Rural Transformation
This monograph analyzes bills on the Agrarian and Rural Jurisdiction in Colombia, based on the Final Peace Agreement, as a path to justice and rural transformation. It identifies the criteria agreed upon in the Peace Agreement, considering cross-cutting approaches, the principles of the Comprehensive Rural Reform, and specific guidelines on access to justice in rural contexts. These elements are contrasted with the statutory bills 134 of 2020 and 143 of 2021, which did not prosper, and the current Bill 183 of 2024 is evaluated in terms of its correspondence with the Peace Agreement and its potential impact on access to justice for the peasantry. The conclusion is that the current bill is consistent with the Agreement and represents progress by proposing an expanded definition of agrarian and rural matters, a special procedure aimed at ensuring effective access to justice, and incorporating innovative mechanisms such as judicial itinerancy, integrative decision-making, and conciliation with community and rural women’s participation.
Strategic Direction to Strengthen Organizational Management of the Food Company in Malambo
This article presents a comprehensive strategic analysis of Company N** (name omitted for confidentiality reasons), a French multinational catering and facility management company with a presence in over 50 countries. The main objective was to identify internal and external factors influencing its competitiveness and to establish strategic guidelines that strengthen its operational performance and adaptability to global dynamics in the service sector. The methodology was descriptive-analytical, based on document review, secondary information analysis, and theoretical models such as the SWOT matrix and Porter’s Five Forces. Results show that the company faces challenges related to cost reduction pressure, rapid digitalization, complex international logistics, and increasing demands for environmental and social sustainability. Although it has competitive advantages from global experience, infrastructure, and international presence, it needs to enhance innovation capacity, refine internal processes, and diversify services. The study concludes that strategic direction should focus on sustainable growth based on three pillars: process optimization, digital technology integration, and expansion into growth markets.
An Analysis of the Benefits of Storytelling as a Marketing Tool in Colombian Companies
Marketing has many tools adapted to customer needs and the product or service offered by the company. Storytelling is presented as a tool that, through well-structured stories, impacts and persuades customers to choose the product. The objective of the article was to analyze the benefits of using storytelling as a marketing tool in Colombia. The methodology used open access databases to consult information directly or indirectly related to its advantages. The results show that storytelling has a great positive impact on companies that use it, being considered a powerful tool to communicate, persuade, and connect meaningfully and lastingly. Stories create emotional connections with audiences, appealing to empathy, joy, or fear, making them more memorable and significant. In conclusion, social networks, marketing, and storytelling must be considered together when promoting products or services, as each depends on the other.
Spirituality as a Foundation of Ethical Leadership: Toward an Integrative Anthropology for the Social Sciences
This article proposes a theoretical link between human spirituality and ethical leadership, asserting that both share an anthropological basis: the capacity to orient oneself toward a good that transcends individual interest. Based on an integrative review of the literature in psychology, the social sciences, and leadership theories, this review explores the spiritual dimensions—meaning, transcendence, relationality, and ethical responsibility—as structural foundations of transformational, servant, and authentic leadership. The results show that leaders with developed spirituality tend to exert a more coherent, humanizing, and sustainable influence, especially in contexts of uncertainty and social complexity. The article concludes with implications for the training of leaders in educational, community, and organizational institutions.
Environmental Pollution and the Protection of Páramo Ecosystems in Colombia: Contributions from the Biocultural Rights Approach
This article analyzes environmental pollution and its impact on the legal protection of páramo ecosystems in Colombia. It examines how the biocultural rights approach can strengthen the protection of these strategic territories in the face of ecological degradation. The study analyzes how environmental pollution, extractive activities, the expansion of the agricultural frontier, climate change, and institutional weaknesses contribute to the degradation of páramo ecosystems. It also examines the role that environmental law, constitutional jurisprudence, and the biocultural approach may play in developing more comprehensive responses consistent with the complexity of these conflicts. The article is the result of a qualitative and documentary socio-legal research project that examines the relationship between environmental pollution, strategic ecosystems, environmental rights, and biocultural rights within the Colombian legal system in light of the 1991 Political Constitution. The findings reveal an expanding legal understanding of environmental protection, insofar as the protection of páramo ecosystems must be interpreted both from the perspective of ecological conservation and from the territorial, cultural, and community relationships that are built around these ecosystems. The article concludes that the effective protection of páramo ecosystems depends on achieving an articulation between the classical framework of environmental law, community participation, environmental governance, and the recognition of the interdependence between biodiversity and cultural diversity. As an empirical contribution, the article systematizes normative references, constitutional jurisprudence, and specific cases from the Colombian context, particularly those related to the Atrato River and the La Plata River.
Impact of corporate income tax on weighted average cost of capital: evidence from financial simulation
Introduction: Corporate capital structure is influenced by financial and fiscal factors. Income tax affects the cost of debt through the tax shield, modifying the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). Objective: To analyze the effect of variations in corporate income tax rates on WACC and firm value through financial simulation. Method: A quantitative, non-experimental study based on financial modeling is conducted. A representative firm is simulated under five tax scenarios (20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40%). WACC and present value of projected cash flows are calculated over ten years. Result: Higher tax rates reduce WACC due to the increased tax shield, slightly increasing firm value when leverage remains constant. Conclusions: Tax rates influence capital cost nonlinearly. The fiscal benefit of debt enhances valuation but raises financial risk exposure. Empirical contribution: The study provides quantitative evidence on WACC sensitivity to tax rate variations using controlled financial simulation.
Analysis of Digital Marketing as a Brand Positioning Tool for SMEs in Colombia
SMEs constitute a fundamental pillar of the Colombian economy; however, they face structural and technological limitations that hinder their competitiveness in a globalized and digitalized environment. The pandemic highlighted the need to incorporate tools such as digital marketing to strengthen brand positioning and expand commercial opportunities. The objective of this research is to analyze digital marketing as a brand positioning strategy in Colombian SMEs. The method employed followed a qualitative approach with a bibliographic review, using search tools such as scientific journals, books, academic repositories, and digital databases, which allowed for the interpretation of theoretical perspectives on the implementation of digital marketing in SMEs, considering its relationship with theories such as relationship marketing, inbound marketing, content marketing, and Marketing 5.0. As a result, it was found that digital marketing offers benefits such as access to new markets, process automation, customer loyalty, and improved competitiveness. However, challenges were identified, including the lack of strategic planning, low staff training, limited technological infrastructure, and resistance to change. To address these issues, improvement strategies are proposed, such as strengthening digital identity, generating valuable content, and using analytical tools to optimize decision-making. In conclusion, digital marketing is consolidated as a fundamental strategic resource for SMEs in Colombia; nevertheless, it is necessary to integrate long-term plans that combine traditional and digital approaches, foster adaptability, and keep the customer at the center of the marketing strategy. This study provides insight into how digital marketing can transform the brand positioning of SMEs, offering guidelines for its implementation and proposing strategies that enhance business competitiveness and sustainability in a changing environment.
Teachers’ Pedagogical Training and Professional Development: Challenges and Perspectives
Introduction: The pedagogical training of teachers constitutes a central axis in the quality of contemporary educational systems. In contexts where social, technological, and cultural demands are rapidly transforming, professional teacher development emerges as an unavoidable need that articulates pedagogical theory with daily educational practice. Objective: To analyze the relationship between teachers' pedagogical training and their professional development, identifying the main challenges and perspectives facing educational systems in Latin America, with emphasis on Colombia and Venezuela. Method: The study is based on a qualitative documentary review of a descriptive-analytical nature. Empirical research, normative frameworks, and theoretical proposals published between 2010 and 2024 from scientific databases such as Scopus, Redalyc, Scielo, and ERIC are examined. Result: It is evident that fragmented, decontextualized, and discipline-content-centered pedagogical training significantly limits teachers' professional development. Findings show that comprehensive training models that articulate pedagogical, research-based, and practical knowledge favor teacher performance and the transformation of educational practices in the classroom. Conclusions: Teachers' pedagogical training requires a structural reconfiguration that transcends the dichotomy between theory and practice. Sustained professional development, based on critical reflection, action research, and collaborative work, constitutes the most effective path to face the pedagogical challenges of the 21st century. Empirical contribution: The article provides a comparative analysis of teacher training models in Latin American contexts, with emphasis on the realities of Colombia and Venezuela, offering theoretical and practical references for the redesign of regional educational policies.
Agroecology and food security: global evidence on productivity, resilience and sustainability
Introduction: Agroecology has become a key approach to addressing the challenges of climate change, biodiversity loss, and food security. Its emphasis on sustainability and resilience positions it as an alternative to conventional agricultural models. Objective: To evaluate, based on available global evidence, the impact of agroecology on the productivity, resilience, and sustainability of food systems. Method: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The search was carried out in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed, with no date restrictions, using terms related to agroecology and food security. A total of 42 studies were included and analyzed through narrative synthesis. Development: Agroecology showed yields comparable or superior to conventional systems, especially in vulnerable contexts. Its crop diversification and ecological management strengthen resilience against climate and economic crises, ensuring more nutritious and varied diets. It also promotes environmental sustainability through soil, water, and biodiversity conservation, and fosters social equity by integrating local knowledge and strengthening food sovereignty. Conclusions: The evidence confirms that agroecology is not a marginal alternative but a necessary strategy to transform food systems. Its implementation requires public policies, technical support, and innovation, being key to ensuring food security and sustainability in the 21st century. Empirical contribution: Showing how agroecology enhances productivity, resilience, and sustainability of food systems.
Humanization of Health Care and Its Impact on Patients and Families: Scientific Review in Mexican Hospitals
The humanization of hospital care recognizes the centrality of the patient and the relevance of family members in the care process. This narrative review synthesizes the scientific evidence available in Mexico on the humanization of care and its impact on patients and families. Empirical studies, reviews, and official documents reporting experiences of humanization, communication strategies, family participation, and practices centered on patient dignity and well-being were analyzed. Findings show that humanized care improves perceptions of quality, satisfaction, treatment adherence, and emotional well-being. Recommendations are proposed to integrate humanization into hospital management in an ethical and sustainable manner (Rivera et al., 2017, p. 210; Morales et al., 2018, p. 55; Gil-Lacruz & Pérez, 2015, p. 92).
Analysis of Selective Attention in Neuromarketing: Evaluation of the Ascending Reticular Activating System (ARAS) using Eye-Tracking and Galvanic Skin Response
This theoretical analysis article examines the relationship between the activation of the Ascending Reticular Activating System (SARA) and selective attention patterns in advertising contexts. It centers on the role of the SARA as a pre-conscious biological filter against the stimulus saturation characteristic of the attention economy. Through a systematic literature review, existing evidence reported via biometric techniques such as Eye-Tracking and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) is integrated. It is concluded that these tools operate as complementary indirect indicators of SARA functioning, offering a robust neuroscientific framework to optimize the design of more effective neuromarketing strategies aligned with human cognitive architecture.
Tax Planning and Firm Value Creation: A Financial Optimization Model under Variable Fiscal Scenarios
Introduction: Tax planning constitutes a strategic mechanism that directly influences firm value creation by affecting after-tax cash flows and the weighted average cost of capital. In contexts of high fiscal pressure and regulatory volatility, tax optimization becomes structurally relevant within corporate financial management. Objective: To analyze the impact of tax planning on firm value creation through a formal financial optimization model under variable fiscal scenarios. Method: A quantitative, non-experimental study based on financial modeling and deterministic optimization was conducted. A representative firm with a defined capital structure was simulated under different levels of effective tax rate reduction and leverage adjustments. WACC and firm value were estimated using a perpetual growth model, incorporating regulatory and financial constraints. Result: Sustainable reductions in the effective tax rate generated nonlinear increases in firm value. The joint optimization of tax planning and capital structure produced a maximum increase of 27.4% compared to the baseline scenario. The elasticity of firm value with respect to the effective tax rate exceeded one, confirming a multiplier effect driven by the interaction between after-tax cash flows and discount mechanisms. Conclusions: Tax planning functions as a structural mechanism of value creation when coherently integrated into financial strategy. The observed effect is multiplicative, though subject to diminishing marginal returns and regulatory constraints. Sustainable value maximization requires balancing fiscal optimization with financial risk control. Empirical contribution: The study mathematically formalizes tax planning as an optimization problem subject to fiscal and financial constraints, providing quantitative evidence of its direct impact on firm value under controlled conditions.
Multipurpose Cadastre and Geographic Information Systems: An Analysis of Territorial Management for Strengthening Municipal Financial Autonomy in Colombia
Introduction: The modernization of land management in Colombia represents a structural challenge for territorial entities seeking to overcome the obsolescence of traditional property data. Objective: This article analyzes the impact of the Multipurpose Cadastre and the integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) on improving resource management and strengthening municipal fiscal autonomy. Methodology: The study employs a descriptive-documentary approach based on a review of public policy on cadastre, Law 1955 of 2019, and technical documents from the Agustín Codazzi Geographic Institute (IGAC) and the National Planning Department. Results: The implementation of the multipurpose model allows geographic information to transcend the tax function, integrating legal, economic, and physical data that facilitate land use planning and legal security of property. Conclusions: Municipal autonomy is strengthened when cadastral management is used as a tool for social equity and local development, allowing for efficient resource allocation based on precise geospatial data. Empirical contribution: Critical barriers to territorial implementation are identified, such as the high cost of GIS technology and the need for trained personnel in areas with low connectivity, requiring municipal association models to ensure the sustainability of the system.
Proposal for the Promotion and Prevention of Healthy Lifestyles for Children in Early and Middle Childhood
Introduction: At a time when we are increasingly involved with technological/digital media and considering the increasingly direct relationship between our target audience and these tools, an initiative has been launched to establish an ideal channel of communication with pediatric users from the high-complexity institution, encouraging the practice of healthy lifestyles from their homes, involving their parents and relatives, and allowing health promotion and self-care to be achieved through awareness. Objective: to analyze the promotion and prevention of healthy lifestyles through the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for children in early and middle childhood at the Duarte Medical Clinic. Method: A mixed methodology incorporating both quantitative and qualitative elements is used. Quantitative data is collected through surveys, providing a statistical and generalized view of the perceptions and practices of parents and caregivers in relation to the health and habits of their children. The sample consists of 363 children from the Duarte Medical Clinic. Results: The document “Promotion of Healthy Lifestyles in Children at the Duarte Medical Clinic” addresses different aspects related to the promotion of healthy lifestyles in children. The analysis carried out in the document shows that children at the Duarte Medical Clinic have learning difficulties and adjustment problems, possibly due to their illness or the changes caused by the pandemic. It also highlights the importance of building an accessible and visually appealing website, as well as the need to promote self-care in children. Conclusion: In the process of identifying the specific health problems that preceded the infants and toddlers treated at the Duarte Medical Clinic, we have been able to delve into the reality of their health challenges. The prevalence of childhood obesity and academic issues such as concentration, dysphasia, and dyslexia have emerged as areas of primary concern. Empirical contribution: The results highlight the urgent need to take proactive measures to establish a solid foundation for health and comprehensive development, which are the cornerstone for building effective and personalized interventions.
Criminal policy, professional ethics, and alternatives to punishment in Colombian criminal law: juvenile criminal responsibility and reparation for harm in light of the 1991 Constitution.
This article is grounded in the constitutional transformations that have shaped the development and understanding of Colombian criminal law. It addresses the question of how complex social conflicts can be approached within the constitutional limits of the State’s punitive power and with due regard for the protection of human rights. The study examines how criminal policy, legal deontology, and certain mechanisms for the reparation of harm, in interaction with the principle of prosecutorial discretion (principle of opportunity), may contribute to a more rational criminal justice system that is consistent with the principles of the Social Rule of Law. The article is the result of a socio-legal, qualitative, and documentary research project that examines the relationship between criminal policy, professional ethics, juvenile criminal responsibility, and alternatives to punishment within Colombian criminal law in light of the 1991 Constitution. The findings reveal an increasing interaction and expansion between criminal law and professional ethics as elements that support the legitimacy of the judicial system, as well as the growing relevance of restorative approaches and the need for differentiated responses within juvenile justice. The research concludes that the legitimacy of criminal law depends, among other factors, on achieving a balance between punishment, constitutional limits, ethical responsibility, and mechanisms of reparation and social reintegration.
Relationship Between Loneliness And Expressive Language In Older Adults From Villa del Rosario
This research analyzes the relationship between loneliness and expressive language in older adults from the García Herreros Association. The objective is to determine the relationship between loneliness and expressive language. A quantitative approach was used, with a descriptive and correlational level, and a purposive sample of 14 participants assessed using the Loneliness Scale and the Boston Test. The results showed high levels of loneliness and a predominance of mild to moderate impairment in expressive language, mainly in verbal fluency, recall, and coherence. Greater impact was observed in men, who exhibited higher levels of loneliness and linguistic deterioration. The analysis suggests that the decrease in social interactions limits expressive language and promotes cognitive changes. It is concluded that loneliness is significantly associated with the deterioration of expressive language.
Managerial skills, brand value, and consumer behavior: an integrative model for competitiveness in microenterprises and educational organizations
This study aims to analyze the relationship between managerial skills, brand value, and consumer behavior, integrating them into a hybrid model to explain organizational competitiveness in microenterprises and educational contexts. Methodologically, a quantitative, descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional approach was developed, based on a review and analysis of recent empirical research, as well as the integration of variables from applied studies in microenterprises and higher education institutions. The results show that managerial skills, especially those related to leadership, communication, and decision making, directly impact business competitiveness, while brand value significantly influences consumer behavior variables such as attitude, perception, and motivation. Furthermore, the study identifies that the alignment between internal (management) and external (market) capabilities strengthens organizational sustainability. It concludes that the proposed hybrid model constitutes a theoretical and practical tool for understanding competitive dynamics in changing environments, providing relevant implications for strategic management and organizational positioning.
Socioeconomic and environmental implications derived from the monoculture of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in the eastern Andes of Colombia (Municipality of San Juanito - Meta)
La presente investigación se encuentra motivada por el creciente interés que el cultivo de fríjol (Phaseolus vulgaris), ha despertado en los últimos años para la economía del municipio de San Juanito, departamento del Meta, a partir del progresivo mercado nacional localizado principalmente en las ciudades de Bogotá y Medellín, y que lo ha llevado a convertirse en una de las opciones más promisorias para el sector agrícola en la zona cordillerana del municipio, bajo la modalidad de monocultivo. En consecuencia, el presente estudio, centra sus esfuerzos en visibilizar las contradicciones que los procesos de homogenización de la agricultura están trayendo consigo, no solamente para la mencionada zona, sino también para los ecosistemas foráneos, especialmente, desde las perspectivas social y ambiental, pues es bien conocido que el aspecto más favorecido es el económico. Metodológicamente, la investigación se enmarca dentro un ámbito exploratorio que busca visibilizar asertivamente la realidad sobre las implicaciones que estos modelos de producción tienen sobre los aspectos mencionados.
Depression in Older Adults: Clinical Implications and Current Lines of Intervention in Professional Counseling
Major depression in older adults is one of the mental disorders with the greatest impact on the global burden of disease, functional impairment, and premature mortality, representing a priority challenge for health systems (Beekman, Penninx, & Deeg, 2019; World Health Organization, 2023). Its diagnostic complexity is increased by its frequent coexistence with medical multimorbidity and cognitive impairment, conditions that can mask or modify the clinical expression of the disorder (Taylor, 2014). The purpose of this study was to critically analyze recent international and Latin American scientific evidence on geriatric depression, identifying etiological foundations, therapeutic trends, and current lines of intervention relevant to professional counseling. An integrative narrative review was conducted with a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science between 2015 and 2025. Of 214 initial records, after screening and applying inclusion criteria (meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and relevant Latin American studies), 78 articles were integrated for qualitative analysis. The evidence confirmed a complex biopsychosocial etiology. At the biological level, vascular and inflammatory mechanisms associated with alterations in fronto-subcortical circuits stand out (Alexopoulos, 2019). In the psychosocial sphere, loneliness and social isolation show consistent associations with higher risk and poorer prognosis (Holt-Lunstad, Smith, & Baker, 2015). The most widely supported interventions include cognitive behavioral therapy, behavioral activation, and collaborative care models in primary care (Cuijpers et al., 2020; Unützer et al., 2002). It is concluded that the culturally adapted implementation of integrated models can contribute to reducing the therapeutic gap in Latin America. As a contribution, an integrative model applicable in primary care and professional counseling is proposed, aimed at timely detection and evidence-based interventions that promote healthy aging.
Structural Determinants of Health and Their Relationship with the Auditory Profile in Older Adults: A Study in Villa del Rosario, Norte de Santander
Introduction: This study aimed to correlate structural determinants of health with the auditory responses of older adults in the municipality of Villa del Rosario, Norte de Santander. The research was based on the premise that social factors such as income and education directly impact health opportunities and access to resources. Methods: A quantitative approach was used, with a descriptive-correlational scope and a cross-sectional field design. The sample consisted of 248 older adults (?60 years) selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Participants underwent a validated anamnesis, otoscopy, and audiometric screening to determine the Pure Tone Average (PTA) and the type of audiometric curve. Results: The population was predominantly female (57.7%) and belonged to socioeconomic stratum 1 (60.5%), with 89.5% enrolled in the subsidized health regime. The falling-type audiometric curve was the most prevalent (31.0% in the right ear), followed by the descending curve (27.0%), both characteristic of presbycusis. Men showed higher noise exposure and a higher prevalence of moderate hearing loss compared to women. Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between socioeconomic vulnerability and hearing impairment; low strata and a lack of state aid (54% receive no subsidies) limit access to specialized services. These findings highlight the need to integrate speech-language pathologists into public health programs for early detection and prevention in the elderly population.
Implementación de una herramienta cartográfica soporte para el turismo en San Juanito Meta Colombia
La aplicación de herramientas como los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) se han constituido como un soporte técnico eficiente para la planificación, al igual que para el reconocimiento del territorio; estableciéndose como facilitador en la resolución de conflictos, así como en el fomento de los espacios rurales permitiendo una mejor gestión del territorio además de una mejor comprensión regional. El presente trabajo tiene como fin mostrar el uso de una herramienta SIG para el fomento y apoyo del turismo rural comunitario; realizado en el municipio de San Juanito en el departamento del Meta Colombia, considerado como zona periférica; el soporte ayudo a contextualizar y potencializar la visión de las partes interesadas en los destinos por ellos propuestos. Se trabajó con una metodología mixta de orden explicativo que permitió realizar la intervención con la comunidad de manera eficiente. Se obtuvo como resultado la caracterización de la zona, las interacciones con Áreas Protegidas y la determinación de veinte tres puntos estratégicos para el turismo comunitario de los que se generan diez fuera de estas; se diseñaron mapas en los que se relacionan dichos puntos, constituyendo una base da datos para el uso y planificación del turismo en el municipio de San Juanito.
Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG)
THE POWER OF FOREIGN TRADE: ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND OPPORTUNITIES
Introduction: Foreign trade is one of the most dynamic drivers of global economic growth, and its intersection with entrepreneurship represents a strategic opportunity for emerging economies such as Colombia. In an environment characterized by digitalization, trade agreements, and regional integration, entrepreneurs find in international markets a pathway to scale their businesses and strengthen their competitiveness. Objective: To examine the interrelationship between foreign trade and entrepreneurship, analyzing how public policies, digitalization, and international cooperation create favorable conditions for Colombian ventures to access global markets. Method: A documentary review of secondary sources of international, national, and regional scope is employed, including reports from multilateral organizations, Colombian public policies, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) statistics, and studies on foreign trade in Norte de Santander. Result: The analysis reveals that Colombia has a solid institutional foundation in export support through ProColombia, Export Business Plans (PLANEX), and existing Free Trade Agreements; however, structural barriers persist, such as high logistics costs, low export sophistication, and limited participation of SMEs in international trade. Conclusions: Strengthening entrepreneurship with an export focus requires effective coordination among the state, academia, and the private sector, as well as the incorporation of digital tools and business training schemes that reduce gaps in access to international markets. Empirical contribution: The study provides evidence on the state of export entrepreneurship in Norte de Santander, identifying opportunities in sectors such as agroindustry, digital services, and the circular economy as levers for regional transformation.
Corporate Fiscal Policy and Financial Sustainability: Integrating Taxation, Liquidity, and Corporate Resilience
This paper conceptually analyzes the interaction between corporate tax policy, liquidity management, and corporate resilience, proposing an integrative model that explains its structural impact on financial sustainability, with particular attention to emerging economies. It concludes that corporate tax policy is a structural component of financial sustainability by shaping cash flow dynamics, interacting with liquidity constraints, and influencing corporate resilience under macroeconomic and institutional uncertainty.
Digital Transformation and ERP Systems in the Global Tourism, Hospitality and Gastronomy Sector: Impact, Comparison of Leading Software and New Technological Trends
This article comprehensively analyzes the evolution, implementation, and impact of ERP systems and integrated accounting software in the global tourism, hospitality, and gastronomy industry. It emphasizes leading platforms such as SAP S/4HANA, Oracle Cloud ERP, and Microsoft Dynamics 365, as well as niche solutions like Nimble Property and HIA Software. The study highlights the integration of emerging technologies such as IoT, Blockchain, and advanced analytics to redefine productivity and guest experience. Results demonstrate that technological modernization optimizes back-office processes and acts as a strategic growth driver.